Introduction
  • Publication  is  the  most  common  contemporary   form of research outcome dissemination.
  • Researcher (s) remain owner of published work.
  • Researcher published in form of
    • Article,
    • Book or Book chapters,
    • Conference proceeding or
    • Pre-print archives
Why is Ethical Publication Important?
  1. Protecting life of human being: ethically published work become a sound base of knowledge.
  2. Help in adequate rationalization: accelerate scientific progress.
  3. Show ethical path to followers.
  4. Help in image building of researcher.
Librarians

Nor Hafizah Md Hanafiah

Syaiful Hisyam Saleh

Siti Rohayu Mohamad Yusof

Muslim Ismail@Ahmad

Asmahani Abdullah

Ummi Halimatunssaadiyya Shamsul Yuzli

Points to Ponder for Publication
  1. Authorship and Contributors
  2. Multiple submissions
  3. Publication misconduct:
    • Plagiarism
    • Research fraud:
      • Fabrication
      • Falsification
    • Salami Slicing
Multiple Submissions
Unethical to submit the same manuscript to more than one journal at the same time.

By doing this wastes the time of editors and peer reviewers, and can damage the reputation of the authors and the journals if published in more than one journal as the later publication will have to be retracted.
Authorship and Contributors
  • Authors and Contributors: authorship entails  responsibility and accountability for the published work.
  • COPE suggested as an author who should contribute as  one of following way:
    • Significant contributions to conception and/or design of the work.
    • Acquisition, analysis, and/or interpretation of data  generated/ collected during the work.
    • Drafting/editing the work or revising it critically and thus contributing important intellectual content.
 
Who Are Not Entitled As Author Or Co-author
  1. Those who provided only assistance in:
    • Minor writing,
    • Technical editing,
    • Language editing,
    • Proofreading 
  2. Who helped in:
    • Procurement of funding,
    • General supervision of a research group or
    • General administrative support
 
Unethical Authorship

1. Guest authorship: With someone’s name, chances of  paper acceptance may increased.

2. Honourary or Gift Authorship: Authorship given as gift  or as honour.

3. Ghost Authorship: You can acknowledged them but not  as author.

4. Anonymous Authorship: Not real name of author or improper scientific article.

5. Surrogate Authorship: Manuscript written by someone else without original data and published.
Publication Misconduct

1. Plagiarism


When one author intentionally uses another's without permission, credit, or acknowledgment.

Plagiarism generally found in following forms:
  • Data
  • Words and Phrases
  • Ideas and Concepts

Note: To Avoid Plagiarism
Understand the meaning of original paper and cite it  with fully acknowledgement
 

2. Research Fraud


Outcome of data manipulation
  • Fabrication: ​making up research data and results, and recording or reporting them.
  • Falsification: ​manipulating research materials,  images, data, equipment, or processes.
 
Ways to come out from this fraud:
  • Always keep record of data (Never change or temper data).
  • Keep record in an accessible manner (If editor wish to  have look).
  • Keep clarity about publisher’s policy.
  • If any image changed for better clarity then has to accept  it in declaration before submitting for publication.
 

3. Salami Slicing


It is an act of converting one meaningful paper into several different  papers from the same study.

Ways to come out from this fraud:
  • Avoid inappropriately breaking up data from a single  study.
  • Be transparent while submitting paper for  publication.